What brain condition results from an abnormality on the X chromosome impacting intellectual function?

Fragile X Syndrome is a genetic condition caused by an abnormality on the X chromosome that primarily affects intellectual functioning. This disorder is linked to changes in the FMR1 gene, which is involved in the production of a protein essential for normal brain development. Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome often exhibit developmental delays, learning disabilities, and varying degrees of intellectual disability.

The association with the X chromosome is significant because it largely affects males more severely, as they have only one X chromosome, whereas females have two, which can mask the severity of the condition. Besides cognitive challenges, individuals with Fragile X may also display behavioral issues, anxiety, and social difficulties, highlighting how this genetic change impacts overall intellectual and emotional functioning.