What component of the brain is largely responsible for higher cognitive functions?

The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain and plays a crucial role in higher cognitive functions. This component of the brain is responsible for processing complex sensory information, reasoning, problem-solving, language, and decision-making. It is divided into two hemispheres, each containing lobes that serve specific functions; for example, the frontal lobe is involved in executive functions, planning, and movement, while the parietal lobe is involved in processing sensory input. The extensive neural networks within the cerebrum facilitate advanced cognitive abilities that distinguish human thinking and behavior from those of other species. This makes it the principal area for higher-level brain activities.

In contrast, the cerebellum primarily focuses on motor control and coordination, the brainstem is involved in basic life functions such as heart rate and breathing, and the thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information but does not contribute to higher cognitive processes in the same way as the cerebrum.