What does procedural memory refer to?

Procedural memory refers to a specific type of nondeclarative memory that involves the skills and actions one learns and performs automatically without conscious effort. This memory system is responsible for enabling individuals to carry out tasks such as riding a bicycle, playing a musical instrument, or typing on a keyboard, which are often acquired through repetition and practice. Unlike declarative memory, which includes facts and events—such as knowing that Paris is the capital of France (semantic memory) or recalling personal experiences (episodic memory)—procedural memory is not easily verbalized. It is demonstrated through performance rather than conscious recollection, highlighting its role as a foundational element in learning motor skills and habits.