What effect does synaptic pruning have on neural circuits?

Synaptic pruning has a significant role in the development and maintenance of neural circuits, primarily by fine-tuning the circuitry. This process involves the selective elimination of weaker or less active synaptic connections while preserving and strengthening those connections that are more frequently used or essential for effective communication between neurons.

As a result, synaptic pruning enhances the efficiency and functionality of neural circuits. It helps to refine the brain’s wiring, ensuring that the remaining synapses are more robust and capable of processing information more effectively. This not only supports the learning process but also is crucial for the brain's adaptability, particularly during developmental stages.

The other options do not accurately reflect the role of synaptic pruning. Strengthening weak connections would contradict the idea of pruning, which focuses on removing them instead. Increasing the number of synapses is also opposite to the pruning process, which reduces the total number of synapses. Finally, promoting neurogenesis refers to the generation of new neurons, which is a different process that does not occur as a direct effect of synaptic pruning.