What gene is associated with language and speech deficits when mutated?

The gene associated with language and speech deficits when mutated is FOXP2. This gene plays a crucial role in the development of neural circuits that are critical for these abilities. FOXP2 is known to be involved in the proper functioning of the basal ganglia and other brain regions that contribute to language processing and speech production. Research has shown that mutations in FOXP2 can lead to specific difficulties in language and speech, highlighting its importance in human communication.

FOXP1, while also important for brain development and implicated in certain cognitive functions, is not specifically associated with language deficits in the same way FOXP2 is. FOXP3 and FOXP4 have different roles and are not linked to language or speech capabilities. Understanding the functions of these genes helps clarify their contributions to neural development and cognitive processes.