What is schizophrenia primarily characterized by?

Schizophrenia is primarily characterized by psychosis and cognitive impairment. Psychosis includes symptoms such as hallucinations, where individuals may hear or see things that are not present, and delusions, which are strongly held false beliefs that can distort a person’s understanding of reality. Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia can manifest in difficulties with attention, memory, and the ability to process information, making it challenging for individuals to function effectively in daily life.

The presence of these features distinguishes schizophrenia from other mental health disorders, which may focus more on mood-related symptoms, such as anxiety or depression, or behavioral patterns like obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Understanding these core characteristics is critical for recognizing, diagnosing, and managing schizophrenia effectively.