What is the primary function of an axon in a neuron?

The primary function of an axon in a neuron is to transmit information to target cells. Axons are long, slender projections that extend from the neuron and are specifically adapted for conducting electrical impulses known as action potentials away from the cell body. When these impulses reach the end of the axon, they trigger the release of neurotransmitters at the synaptic terminals, which then communicate with other neurons, muscles, or glands. This process is essential for the propagation of signals throughout the nervous system, allowing for coordinated responses to stimuli and communication between different parts of the body.

Other options such as receiving information from target cells reflects the role of dendrites, which primarily collect signals from other neurons. Storing neurotransmitters is a function typically associated with synaptic vesicles, which are found at the axon terminals, rather than the axon itself. Regulating blood flow in the brain is related to vascular systems and astrocytes, supporting cells in the nervous system, rather than a direct function of neurons. Thus, the axon's role as a transmitter of information is crucial for the overall functioning of neural communication.