What is the programmed cell death known as?

Programmed cell death is referred to as apoptosis, which is a highly regulated and controlled process that leads to the orderly and efficient elimination of cells without causing inflammation in surrounding tissue. This process is crucial for various physiological functions, including development, immune system regulation, and maintaining tissue homeostasis. During apoptosis, cells undergo distinctive morphological changes, such as shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and DNA fragmentation, ultimately leading to their death and subsequent removal by phagocytes.

The other terms mentioned relate to different biological processes. Migration refers to the movement of cells, often in the context of development or response to stimuli. Proliferation describes the process of cell division and growth, which is essential for tissue repair and growth. Plasticity pertains to the brain's ability to change and adapt in response to experience, learning, or injury, not specifically related to cell death. Apoptosis is distinct because it specifically denotes the programmed elimination of cells, distinguishing it from processes that involve cell growth or movement.