What process allows new neurons to find their correct position in the brain?

Migration is the process by which newly formed neurons travel from their birthplace to their designated locations within the brain. After neurogenesis, where neural stem cells divide and create new neurons, these immature neurons must navigate through the complex landscape of the developing brain to reach the appropriate cortical layers or regions. This journey is guided by various molecular signals, including chemical cues that attract or repulse the migrating neurons as well as the surrounding cellular environment.

Understanding migration is crucial in neuroscience because disruptions in this process can lead to a variety of developmental disorders and neurological conditions. For example, improper migration can result in malformations of cortical development, which can contribute to conditions like epilepsy or intellectual disabilities. Therefore, the ability of neurons to migrate appropriately is key to forming functional neural circuits.

Other processes like recapitulation involve the reappearance of developmental stages in evolution but do not relate directly to the positioning of neurons. Synaptogenesis pertains to the formation of synaptic connections and occurs after neurons have already migrated and differentiated, while differentiation refers to the process by which neurons develop their specific functions and characteristics after reaching their destination. Together, these processes contribute to brain development but migration specifically addresses the journey of neurons to their correct positions within the brain.