What type of memory involves actively maintaining and manipulating information for a short duration?

The type of memory that involves actively maintaining and manipulating information for a short duration is known as working memory. Working memory allows individuals to hold information in the mind while simultaneously engaging in cognitive tasks such as reasoning, learning, and comprehension. This system is particularly important for performing tasks that require temporary storage and manipulation of information, such as solving a math problem or following instructions.

In working memory, information can be managed actively; for example, one can keep a phone number or a new vocabulary word in mind while attempting to repeat or use it. This capability differentiates working memory from short-term memory, which primarily focuses on the storage of information for brief periods without the manipulation aspect. Long-term memory, meanwhile, refers to the storage of information over extended periods, while implicit memory involves knowledge that is acquired and used unconsciously.