Which class of drugs is used to treat depression by blocking the reuptake of serotonin?

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are specifically designed to treat depression by blocking the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. This mechanism increases the availability of serotonin in the synaptic cleft, which enhances its activity on the postsynaptic receptors. Since serotonin is a key neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation, increasing its levels can help improve symptoms of depression and anxiety.

SSRIs have become a first-line treatment for depression due to their effectiveness and relatively favorable side effect profile compared to other types of antidepressants. They are preferred in clinical practice because they primarily target serotonin without significantly affecting other neurotransmitters, which helps minimize potential side effects.

Other classes of drugs mentioned have different mechanisms and are used for distinct purposes. Tricyclic antidepressants, for example, affect multiple neurotransmitters—not just serotonin—leading to a broader range of effects and side effects. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors also act differently by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down monoamines, which include serotonin. Beta blockers, on the other hand, are primarily used to manage cardiovascular conditions and are not used for treating depression.