Which condition is characterized by recurrent seizures?

Epilepsy is the condition characterized by recurrent seizures. Seizures in epilepsy occur due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain, which can manifest in various forms depending on the type of seizure. While people may experience one seizure in their lifetime, epilepsy specifically involves the occurrence of two or more unprovoked seizures, indicating a chronic condition. The underlying causes of epilepsy may range from genetic factors to brain injuries or structural changes in the brain, and it is diagnosed through various methods, including EEG testing, which helps track electrical activity.

In contrast, schizophrenia primarily affects a person's thought processes and behavior rather than causing seizures. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks rather than seizures. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system, leading to various neurological symptoms, but it does not typically present with recurrent seizures as a defining feature. Thus, epilepsy is specifically recognized for its hallmark of recurrent seizures.