Which neurodegenerative disease is characterized by beta amyloid plaques and tau tangles?

Alzheimer's disease is the correct answer because it is defined by the presence of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain. These beta-amyloid plaques are formed by the accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides, which can disrupt cell communication and lead to neurodegeneration. Meanwhile, tau tangles are made up of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, which destabilizes microtubules in neurons and contributes to neuronal death.

The combination of these two factors is crucial in the progression of Alzheimer's, as they disrupt normal brain functioning. In contrast, other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Huntington's, and ALS have distinct pathological features that do not include beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles. For instance, Parkinson's disease is primarily associated with the loss of dopamine-producing neurons and the presence of Lewy bodies. Understanding Alzheimer’s disease requires recognizing how these specific hallmarks lead to its characteristic symptoms, such as memory loss and cognitive decline.