Which part of the brain develops into the cerebral hemispheres and major portions of the limbic system?

The part of the brain that develops into the cerebral hemispheres and major portions of the limbic system is the forebrain. This region plays a crucial role in higher-order brain functions such as emotion, memory, and complex thought processes. The forebrain includes structures such as the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for various cognitive functions and voluntary motor actions, as well as the limbic system, which regulates emotions and memories.

In terms of development, the forebrain is the most advanced area of the brain, encompassing not only the cerebral hemispheres but also important structures like the thalamus and hypothalamus, which are vital for sensory processing and autonomic functions, respectively. This differentiation in brain structure is significant for understanding how various functions of the brain are organized and connected. The developmental pathways leading to the forebrain are distinct from those seen in the midbrain, cerebellum, and hindbrain, which serve different roles in processing sensory information, coordinating movements, and regulating basic life functions.