Which structure is primarily involved in memory formation?

The hippocampus plays a crucial role in memory formation, particularly in the process of consolidating new information from short-term to long-term memory. This structure is located within the medial temporal lobe of the brain and is essential for the formation of declarative memories, which include facts and events that can be consciously recalled. Research has demonstrated that damage to the hippocampus can lead to difficulties in forming new memories, while previously established memories may remain intact. Its involvement in spatial memory and navigation also highlights its significance in collecting and processing experiences that contribute to our overall knowledge and memory.

Other structures like the cerebellum are primarily involved in motor coordination and movement, while the cortex is responsible for higher-order brain functions, including cognition and sensory processing. The thalamus serves as a relay station for sensory information but does not play a direct role in memory formation. Therefore, the anatomical and functional characteristics of the hippocampus make it the key structure for memory formation.