Which structure of the brain is associated with higher-order functions such as thinking and language?

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is crucial for higher-order functions, including thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, and language processing. This structure is divided into two hemispheres and is responsible for integrating sensory information and coordinating voluntary movements. The cerebral cortex, which is the outer layer of the cerebrum, plays a significant role in cognitive functions such as attention, memory, and complex thought processes.

In contrast, the cerebellum primarily manages coordination, balance, and fine motor skills. The brainstem regulates basic life functions such as breathing, heart rate, and sleep cycles but does not engage in higher-order cognitive processes. The hippocampus, while essential for memory formation and learning, is not directly responsible for the higher-order functions associated with thinking and language. Therefore, the cerebrum is specifically linked to the advanced cognitive capabilities we often associate with human intelligence.