Which type of memory is stored and retrieved without conscious effort?

Nondeclarative memory is a type of memory that is stored and retrieved without conscious effort. It encompasses various forms of learning such as skills, habits, and classically conditioned behaviors. This type of memory operates automatically, allowing individuals to perform tasks without actively thinking about them, such as riding a bicycle or typing on a keyboard.

In contrast, declarative memory, which includes both episodic and semantic memory, requires conscious effort for retrieval. Declarative memory involves factual knowledge (semantic) as well as personal experiences (episodic), both of which necessitate deliberate recall. Nondeclarative memory stands apart because it often involves procedures or skills that become second nature through practice and repetition, making them accessible without the need for conscious thought.