Which type of neuron transmits chemical messages to a target neuron in a synapse?

A presynaptic neuron is the type of neuron that transmits chemical messages to a target neuron across a synapse. This process involves the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron's axon terminals into the synaptic cleft. Once these neurotransmitters are released, they bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, which can lead to various effects, such as generating an action potential if the signal is excitatory or inhibiting neuronal firing if the signal is inhibitory.

Understanding the role of the presynaptic neuron is crucial in assessing neural communication because it initiates the signaling process that is vital for transmitting information throughout the nervous system.