Who demonstrated that damage to the temporal lobes affects visual recognition and identification?

The correct answer is based on the work of Patient D.B.O., who is notable for demonstrating the effects of damage to the temporal lobes on visual recognition and identification. This particular case provided significant insights into how specific brain structures contribute to the recognition process. Damage to the temporal lobes can lead to impairments in the ability to recognize familiar objects or faces, revealing the critical role these lobes play in visual memory and processing.

H.M. also had temporal lobe damage, but his case primarily highlighted the role of the hippocampus in memory formation, particularly affecting the ability to form new memories rather than visual recognition per se. Phineas Gage's case is often referenced in discussions about the relation of the frontal lobes to personality and decision-making but does not address visual recognition. Oliver Sacks is known for his writings on neurological conditions and patient cases, but he did not personally demonstrate damage to the temporal lobes affecting visual recognition. Thus, D.B.O.’s case stands out for its specific focus on these aspects of visual processing.